Hydrogen cars come short, with a 30-40% rate, as most of the power gets lost during hydrogen production. The company produces systems that can handle a blend of hydrogen and natural gas, and it has announced it will be deploying a 100% hydrogen-based system in South Korea. The SGT-A35 (27.232.1MWe) aero-derivative with a DLE combustor can handle 15 vol% of hydrogen in the Natural Gas fuel, but with diffusion combustors, and water injection for NOx control, for both the SGT-A35 and SGT-A65 (53.166MW) up to 100 vol% hydrogen is possible. Hydrogen combustion is staggeringly inefficient in comparison to fuel cells. PEM fuel cells, 35 to 45% for PAFCs, 45 to 55% for MCFCs, and 30 to 55% for SOFCs (Pehnt and Ramesohl 2003; Cook 2007; DOE 2008). Hydrogen combustion has some advantages over fuel cells, namely rate of consumption allows significant power output. Hydrogen gas, along with oxygen, are the two inputs for the hydrogen fuel cell. The fuel cell uses hydrogen gas to generate electricity. To explain the process in laymans terms, hydrogen gas passes through the cell and is split into protons (H+) and electrons (e-). Protons pass through the electrolyte, which is a liquid or gel material. H2 is not really a good choice for energy storage. Its not a very good fuel and it is hard to prevent leaks/loses Hydrogen engines can also operate as standalone powertrain solutions and handle transient response demand without the need for a battery pack. This can be achieved by either traditional internal combustion engines, or by devices called fuel cells. Hydrogen production globally was valued at over $120 billion USD and is expected to grow over 5% annually through 2028.. At a cycle level, hydrogen can be used as gas turbine fuel with limited efficiency reduction if the peak temperature is reduced using steam or nitrogen [10]. Working Principles of A Hydrogen Fuel Cell (Reference: fchea.org) The anode reaction, cathode reaction and overall cell reaction are given in the equation (1), (2), and (3), Low power density. This mix starts an electrochemical reaction which produces electricity to power the electric motor. I like the idea of a hydrogen car that I can fill up quickly like a gas-powered car, without having to wait for 45 minutes or longer at a charger. Hydrogen, as a carbon-neutral fuel, is a pre-combustion way to decarbonize a gas turbine. Hydrogen-capable gas turbines and the subsequent upgrades required to a powerplant so it can safely run on hydrogen fuel can be implemented in a cost-effective way, however the full scope of implementing the use of hydrogen at scale needs to be considered. Hydrogen Combustion vs. Fuel Cell Several factors dictate what type of propulsion system to use. However, they mainly revolve aircraft requirements and operating conditions. With todays technology, large aircraft flying longer routes would generally be better off with hydrogen combustion based gas turbines than fuel cells. But because hydrogen is so much lighter, or less dense, The first turbine stages are cooled by air from the last compressor stages to tap air at a pressure that is above the turbine pressure. By that factor hydrogen has an energy density of 35,000 watts per kilogram, while lithium-ion batteries have a Hydrogen Combustion vs. Fuel Cell . Combined fuel cell/gas turbine power generation is Hydrogen-fuel-cell electric vehicles If hydrogen is supplied to the cell in excess of that required for the reaction stoichiometry, this excess will leave the fuel cell unused. It ignores the likelihood that fuel cells would be a better choice. In a fuel cell, hydrogen energy is converted directly into electricity with high efficiency TL/DR: Hydrogen Combustion uses 4.5 times more Hydrogen than Fuel Cells (22% as efficient). This causes a chemical reaction that produces water (H2O), which is then emitted out of the exhaust pipe. You can find a parameter from the hydrogen vs. electric car efficiency argument, where electric cars seem to be better, with an efficiency rate of 75-90%. High temperature corrosion and breakdown of cell components. GEs extensive field experience enables our engineers to understand the implications of using hydrogen as a gas turbine fuel. In case of pure hydrogen, this excess may be recirculated back into the stack so it does not change the fuel cell efficiency (not accounting for the power needed for hydrogen recirculation pump), but if hydrogen is not pure (such as in reformate gas The fuel cell uses hydrogen gas to generate electricity. And, we expect to then have a portfolio of products that can actually utilize hydrogen as it becomes available to produce 100% renewable power, Hussain added. Energy density is the energy in watts per kilogram of weight. So, if you burn one pound of hydrogen vs one pound of natural gas, you will get 2.5 times the energy. Long start-up time. This creates an electrical current to power the motor. This means hydrogen-fueled PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane, a type of fuel cell) systems require a significant weight investment for the tanks alone as compared to propane-based systems. In fact, today hydrogen is used as a dominant fuel source for a number of power generating plants, such as the Fusina hydrogen power station in Italy (100% hydrogen), a A hydrogen In reality, people often use a Electrolyzer as a convenient on-site hydrogen generator. Another idea is the use the hydrogen to cool the cooling air for the turbines. Dennis Hager It might be a reasonable simplifying assumption for a study but if they ever move beyond the study phase and try to actually build som Sounds great, right? To supplement domestic natural gas supplies, the U.S. is expected to increase its dependence on offshore liquefied Flexible Fuel Combustor Design Accommodates LNG. Solid oxide (SOFC) Yttria stabilized zirconia: 5001,000C: 1 (fuel cell = ~60-70% efficiency vs. hydrogen turbine = ~30-40% efficiency) This market demand is usually met by pyrolysis of hydrocarbons to The hydrogen comes from tanks that are built into the Vehicle while oxygen simply comes from ambient air. The chemical energy stored in the gasses can be converted into electrical energy and used to power electric drive motors, temporary storage batteries, and a number of other end applications. A hydrogen fuel cell is an electrochemical power generator that produces electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen with water and heat as by-products. Rick Manner Hello Rick, I think that's a different discussion. The world seems to have decided otherwise. I also have different opinion on that iss Exhaust. This work is focused on novel power plant systems by combining gas turbines, solid oxide fuel cells, and a high-temperature heat exchanger; these systems are ideal for the The hydrogen fuel cell car has a hydrogen tank that feeds a fuel cell with high-pressure hydrogen gas that mixes with oxygen. The hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer can serve as energy fuels, cooling agent, reduction gas, or feedstock for wide industrial applications. At the end of the fuel cells process, the electrons and protons meet together and combine with oxygen. Several factors dictate what type of propulsion system to use. On the other hand, people use Fuel Cells to power fuel cell vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks and forklifts. To explain the process in laymans terms, hydrogen gas passes through the cell and is split into protons (H+) and electrons (e-). However, they mainly revolve aircraft requirements and operating conditions. This air is hot, around 500-600C. With water injection and diffusion combustors for NOx control, the SGT-A35 (27.232.1MWe) aero-derivative with a DLE combustor can handle 15 vol percent hydrogen in the Natural Gas fuel, but with diffusion combustors and water injection for NOx control, the SGT-A35 and SGT-A65 (53.166MW) can handle up to 100 vol percent hydrogen. From my understanding fuel cells have a way better efficiency than hydrogen turbines. Hydrogen tanks can get up to 10,000 PSI (pounds per square inch), whereas propane normally sits at around 100 PSI. Hybrid/gas turbine cycle. Protons pass through the electrolyte, which is a In my opinion, hydrogen combustion offers three advantages: - lower hydrogen quality required (epecially important if the H2 is stored in undergrou The principle is the same as for an intercooled turbo engine for a car. The study apparently assumes that hydrogen combustion turbines would be the choice for generating RES backing power from hydrogen. Fuel cells combined with battery Since gas turbines are inherently fuels-flexible, they can be configured to operate on green hydrogen or similar fuels as a new unit or even after extended service on conventional fuels, i.e., natural gas. By that measure, hydrogen fuel cells have a big advantage over batteries. However, when looking at energy efficiency, the story completely changes. Energy efficiency is based on how much power is lost throughout harvesting the energy, transporting it, and its final use when an EV motor drives its wheels. Uses existing technology, gas turbines can be
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